The following SQL is running for 9 hrs using Filter optimization.The cardinality estimates are very low.
Can you explain why it’s taking such a long time with Filter?

UPDATE PS_LM_PERSON_EFFDT SET LM_PER_ORG_EMP = 'Y'
WHERE EXISTS
( SELECT LM_PER_ORG FROM PS_LM_STG_PRS_JOB J , PS_LM_STG_PRS_ATT A
WHERE J.LM_PER_ORG = 'EMP'
AND A.LM_PERSON_ID = PS_LM_PERSON_EFFDT.LM_PERSON_ID
AND J.LM_HR_EMPLID = A.LM_HR_EMPLID
AND J.EFFDT >= PS_LM_PERSON_EFFDT.EFFDT
AND
J.PROCESS_INSTANCE = 87452
AND J.LM_EIP_CTRL_ID = :1)
 12   ;

Explained.

SQL> @plan
Plan hash value: 2789679721

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                      | Name               | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | UPDATE STATEMENT               |                    |     1 |    15 |   184M  (1)|314:02:07 |
|   1 |  UPDATE                        | PS_LM_PERSON_EFFDT |       |       |            |          |
|*  2 |   FILTER                       |                    |       |       |            |          |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL           | PS_LM_PERSON_EFFDT | 33937 |   497K|    63   (2)| 00:00:01 |
|   4 |    NESTED LOOPS                |                    | 18128 |   725K|  6297   (1)| 00:00:39 |
|*  5 |     TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| PS_LM_STG_PRS_JOB  |  6141 |   173K|     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  6 |      INDEX RANGE SCAN          | PS_LM_STG_PRS_JOB  |     1 |       |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  7 |     INDEX RANGE SCAN           | PSCLM_STG_PRS_ATT  |     3 |    36 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - filter( EXISTS (SELECT 0 FROM "PS_LM_STG_PRS_ATT" "A","PS_LM_STG_PRS_JOB" "J" WHERE
              SYS_OP_DESCEND("EFFDT")=:B2 AND
              "J"."LM_EIP_CTRL_ID"=TO_NUMBER(:1) AND "A"."LM_PERSON_ID"=:B3 AND
              "J"."LM_HR_EMPLID"="A"."LM_HR_EMPLID"))
   5 - filter("J"."LM_PER_ORG"='EMP')
   6 - access("J"."PROCESS_INSTANCE"=87452 AND "J"."LM_EIP_CTRL_ID"=TO_NUMBER(:1) AND
              SYS_OP_DESCEND("EFFDT")=:B1 AND
              "J"."LM_EIP_CTRL_ID"=TO_NUMBER(:1))
   7 - access("J"."LM_HR_EMPLID"="A"."LM_HR_EMPLID" AND "A"."LM_PERSON_ID"=:B1)

Thanks

The style is perfect, a catalog of quick-to-read definitions each illustrated with a clear and simple example (the simplest possible) … my preferred format.

Obviously the topic is very interesting to me as well.