Comparisons

Catching up (still) from the Trivadis CBO days, here’s a little detail which had never crossed my mind before.

where   (col1, col2) < (const1, const2)

This isn’t a legal construct in Oracle SQL, even though it’s legal in other dialects of SQL. The logic is simple (allowing for the usual anomaly with NULL): the predicate should evaluate to true if (col1 < const1), or if (col1 = const1 and col2 < const2). The thought that popped into my mind when Markus Winand showed a slide with this predicate on it – and then pointed out that equality was the only option that Oracle allowed for multi-column operators – was that, despite not enabling the syntax, Oracle does implement the mechanism.

If you’re struggling to think where, it’s in multi-column range partitioning: (value1, value2) belongs in the partition with high value (k1, k2) if (value1 < k1) or if (value1 = k1 and value2 < k2).

Current row

Here’s a question that I’ve had on my todo (and draft posts) list for a few years – so I’m presenting it as a task for anyone who can demonstrate the answer.

If you’ve got a pl/sql cursor open and you’re using the “update current of” syntax, what happens if you update the same row twice but the row comes from a partitioned table and moves to a new partition on the first update ?

If you have a demo that you want to include in the comments then start with “sourcecode” and end with “/sourcecode” – in square brackets, without the quotation marks – to get a fixed font format and space preservation. If you have a good demonstration or reference article that you can link to, a simple URL will do nicely.#

Bitmap Question

This question came up on the OTN database forum a couple of months ago: “Why doesn’t Oracle allow you to create globally partitioned bitmap indexes?” The obvius answer is “It just doesn’t, okay.” But it can be quite interesting to think of reasons why a particular mechanism might not have been implemented – sometimes the answer can give you an insight into how a feature has been implemented, or it might suggest cases where a feature might not work very well, it might give you some ideas on how to work around a particular limitation, and sometimes it might just help to pass the time on a short flight.

Deadlock

There an interesting example of a deadlock on the OTN database forum:

DEADLOCK DETECTED ( ORA-00060 )
[Transaction Deadlock]

Deadlock graph:
                       ---------Blocker(s)--------  ---------Waiter(s)---------
Resource Name          process session holds waits  process session holds waits
PS-00000001-00000011        92     423     S             33     128     S     X
BF-2ed08c01-00000000        33     128     S             92     423     S     X

Virtual date partitions

I posted this question on twitter earlier on today (It was a thought that crossed my mind during a (terrible) presentation on partitioning that I had to sit through a few weeks ago – it’s always possible to be prompted to think of some interesting questions no matter how bad the presentation is, though):

Quiz: if you create a virtual column as trunc(date_col,’W’) and partition on it – will a query on date_col result in partition elimination?

Testing Partitions

A quick check-list on testing new partitioning features:

• Step 1 – test with a small amount of data in place, just to see if it works at all
• Step 2 – test with a reasonably large amount of data in place so that you can spot any unexpected time being lost
• Step 3 – test with a few uncommitted transactions from other sessions so that you can spot locking problems easily
• Step 4 – test with SQL tracing enabled so that you can check the trace files for any recursive SQL threats
• Step 5 – (optional, and harder to recognise) test with event 10704 set so that you can check the trace files for locking threats

Whatever else you do, though, make sure that you always have some data in every object because Oracle has some special optimisations for dealing with partitions that are known to be empty so, in the absence of data, you may be testing something that will never happen in production.

MV Refresh

I have a fairly strong preference for choosing simple solutions over complex solutions, and using Oracle-supplied packages over writing custom code – provided the difference in cost (whether that’s in human effort, run-time resources or licence fees) is acceptable. Sometimes, though, the gap between simplicity and cost is so extreme that a hand-crafted solution is clearly the better choice. Here’s an idea prompted by a recent visit to a site that makes use of materialized views and also happens to be licensed for the partitioning option.

12c

The news is out that 12c is now available for download (Code, Docs and Tutorials). There are plenty of nice little bits in it, and several important additions or enhancements to the optimizer, but there’s one feature that might prove to be very popular:

SQL> alter table p1 move partition solo ONLINE;

Table altered.

Partitioning 12c

Most useful presentation of OOW so far, from Hermann Baer of Oracle on improvements in partitioning features in 12c – and there are lots of useful ones, including:

Online move of a partition – so easy to compress a partition when it has reached its final “read-only” state

multiple partition maintenance in one operation – e.g. merge 3 monthly partitions into one quarterly partition, or split one partition into 24 (think about “how do I partition a non-partitioned table”, and 12c has just made it easier and quicker – exchange it into an empty partitioned table, then do one massive split).

partial indexing – define which partitions of a partitioned table should be included in the indexes you create on the table – and the optimizer also knows that different partitions need different plans (an enhancement of “table expansion”.

interval-reference partitionining – you can create an interval partitioned table, and use ref-partitioning to create child (and further decendent) tables, and their partitions will automatically be generated, truncated, and dropped as the parent is extended, truncated or dropped (needs enabled foreign key constraints).

Lots more details – and lots of stress-testing to be done – but I’m off to hear “the optimizer lady” talk about hints.

Reminder:

Oracle has a “safe harbour” slide at the start of all presentations about future developments pointing out that the information presented is an indication of direction, but not guaranteed to make it into production.

Recursive SQL

A question came up on the OTN database forum a few days ago asking why a very simple query against a hash partitioned table was doing so much physical I/O to get a very small amount of data from a single partition:

I have table hash-partitioned on an indexed column “id” which is non-unique and part of my primary key. Inside each partition, rows with the same id are located close to each other which is done by dbms_redefinition reorg using orderby_cols. The intention is to reduce the amount of physical reads since there are no queries that don’t filter on the id column.

What I’m seeing is a lot of physical reads though. The first partition has roughly 80K rows, an average row length of 347, block size of 8K and compression … resulting in 821 blocks. And when (after flushing buffered cache and shared pool) submit a query that filters on “id” only and results is 106 selected rows, I see roughly 1400 physical reads.

The poster has clearly applied some careful thought to minimising the work required – so what’s gone wrong ? To help us analyse the problem he posted the results from running a query through autotrace:

Truncate Partition

A recent posting on the OTN database forum (which I didn’t answer correctly on my first attempt) raised the problem of truncating partitions when there are referential integrity constraints in place. Let’s start with a demonstration of the problem:

Table rebuilds

Here’s a question from the OTN forum that I’ve seen fairly frequently in the last couple of years:

I have a table abc(c_date date, c_id varchr2(20), c_name varchar2);
The table is already range partitoned on “c_date” column and I have lot of data in that table.
Now my task is to create the hash partions under range; hash partiton needs 16 partitons.
I dont want to create another table with range and hash partitons and migrate the data. The amount of data I have is 3 terabytes.

Indexing

A question about partitioning came up on OTN a few days ago – but the really interesting part of the thread was about the choice of indexes, and how the choice of partitioning, combined with the data patterns, could make a big difference to the choice of indexes. I think the comments I made about indexes are worth seeing, so I’ve linked to the thread.

Partitioned Bitmaps

The following question appeared in a comment to an earlier posting on multi-column bitmap indexes and the inability of Oracle to create a bitmap index join when (to the human eye) the strategy was an obvious choice.

I have a query which is using 2 indexes both are bitmap indexes (sizes are 37 and 24 Mbs) and table size is 17gb. While i ran the following query which can very well get the index itself, it takes around 6-8 minutes and using pga around 3 gb.

could you please explain me why ?

Interval Partitions

Here’s a little gem from the OTN database forum – why should the CPU usage of querying an “interval partitioned” table depend on the size of something that’s missing ?

(The most significant symptom is identified in a reply I wrote to the thread – but that’s only a step in the right direction).